Gum inflammation is caused by the build-up of bacteria in dental plaque, an almost invisible layer of saliva proteins and bacteria that settles on your teeth. When left untreated, this soft layer can turn into a hard layer known as tartar. The harmful bacteria found in tartar will cause inflammation in the gum called gingivitis.
This inflammation causes pockets to develop between the gum and teeth. A second layer of dental plaque will then form on top of the hardened tartar enabling the inflammation to spread deeper, eroding the layers of bone around the jaw.
As the inflammation spreads deeper into the jawbone, periodontitis occurs causing bone decay that can result in the loss of teeth or dental implants.